{"id":16112,"date":"2024-02-06T02:18:19","date_gmt":"2024-02-06T07:18:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/general\/what-is-enduro-cycling\/"},"modified":"2024-02-06T02:18:19","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T07:18:19","slug":"what-is-enduro-cycling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/culture-and-community\/what-is-enduro-cycling\/","title":{"rendered":"Enduro Cycling: What Does It Take to Dominate the Trails? (Expert Insights)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Have you ever wondered how fixie bikes fit into the diverse world of cycling disciplines?<\/strong> Today, we&#8217;re diving into the terrain of enduro cycling, a discipline that contrasts sharply with the smooth track rides we adore. <strong>What does enduro cycling involve, and how does it captivate throngs of riders worldwide?<\/strong> Let&#8217;s ride into this thrilling cycling style, while also helping you find the best fixie bikes for your urban adventures.<\/p>\n<div id=\"key-takeaways\"><p><strong>Key takeaways<\/strong><\/p><ul>\n<li><b>Enduro cycling is a blend of downhill and cross-country<\/b>, requiring both technical skills and endurance.<\/li>\n<li>A <b>quality full-suspension bike and protective gear<\/b> are essential for enduro.<\/li>\n<li><b>Consistent training, coupled with rest<\/b>, is vital for avoiding burnout and excelling in the sport.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><h2>What is enduro cycling?<\/h2>\n<p>Enduro cycling is a mountain biking sport that combines the endurance demands of cross-country with the technical challenges of downhill racing. It consists of various timed downhill stages and untimed uphill transfer stages. Races are typically a test of consistency and skill, as riders must navigate technical descents and conserve enough energy during transfers to tackle the next stage at full throttle.<\/p>\n<p>Enduro races emphasize rider skill and adaptability. The courses are demanding, weaving through rough terrain that only mountain bikes can handle. Riders plunge down slopes, bound over rocks, and sometimes even take to the air.<\/p><p>Here&#8217;s a rundown of key enduro characteristics:<\/p><ul><li>Multiple stages, primarily downhill<\/li><li>Transfer stages sans timing to climb to the next start<\/li><li>Bike setups that are versatile and durable<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>This cycling form highlights the importance of bike multi-tools to make necessary adjustments or repairs quickly.<\/p>\n<p>Enduro is not my jam; it&#8217;s a type of cycling that&#8217;s a bit too rugged for me. I&#8217;m all about the sleek efficiency of a track bike, the kind of ride where the hum of a well-tuned single-speed drivetrain is music to my ears. I&#8217;ll leave the gravel crunching and mud-slinging to the enduro aficionados.<\/p><p>From what I gather, the adrenaline rush of hurtling down a mountain, the sharp focus required\u2014it&#8217;s intoxicating. And yet, there&#8217;s this calming solitude that comes with the long climbs in between. Fascinating juxtaposition, if you ask me.<\/p>\n<p>The closest I&#8217;ve come to enduro was this one time at a caf\u00e9 near the trails; a rider rolled in, covered in dirt, sweat glistening, with a grin as wide as his handlebars. Reminded me of a scene from the movie &#8220;The Great Escape,&#8221; where Steve McQueen is tearing up the dirt on his motorcycle. Couldn&#8217;t tell if he was running from something or racing towards it, but either way, the thrill was palpable.<\/p><p>Maybe not my scene, but for those who chase the thrill of the outdoors, here&#8217;s a guide to choosing a bike saddle that won&#8217;t let you down when the trail gets tough.<\/p>\n<h2>Understanding enduro cycling<\/h2>\n<p>Enduro cycling is a blend of technical prowess and stamina, taking riders across challenging terrains with timed downhill races and untimed uphill stages. <strong>Riders must excel in both descent agility and uphill endurance<\/strong>. Discover the components that make enduro bikes suitable for the ruggedness of the courses and how riders prepare for these grueling events.<\/p>\n<h3>What equipment do you need for enduro?<\/h3>\n<p>Enduro cycling demands a bike that can handle punishing descents and efficient climbing. Key features include:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Supplemental image for a blog post called &#039;Enduro Cycling: What Does It Take to Dominate the Trails? (Expert Insights)&#039;.\" class=\"wp-image-16109\" src=\"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Supplemental-image-for-a-blog-post-called-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Dominate-the-Trails-Expert-InsightsPROMPT-Take-a-deep-breath-relax-and-create-an-image-depicting-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Dominate-the-Trai.jpeg\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Supplemental-image-for-a-blog-post-called-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Dominate-the-Trails-Expert-InsightsPROMPT-Take-a-deep-breath-relax-and-create-an-image-depicting-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Dominate-the-Trai.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Supplemental-image-for-a-blog-post-called-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Dominate-the-Trails-Expert-InsightsPROMPT-Take-a-deep-breath-relax-and-create-an-image-depicting-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Dominate-the-Trai-768x768.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n<figcaption>Supplemental image for a blog post called &#8216;enduro cycling: what does it take to dominate the trails? (expert insights)&#8217;.<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<ul><li>Full-suspension systems for shock absorption<\/li><li>Durable tires with aggressive tread for grip<\/li><li>A balanced geometry for stable descents and manageable climbs<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>This high-stakes discipline also relies on protective gear, like full-face helmets and body armor. Taking care of your equipment is essential, hence a dependable bike multi-tool from our collection can be a lifeline during those crucial moments.<\/p>\n<h3>How do you train for enduro races?<\/h3>\n<p>Training for enduro races involves a mix of cardiovascular workouts and technical skill improvement. Riders focus on building stamina for climbs and refining bike-handling skills for descents. Training regimens usually include:<\/p><ul><li>Interval training for explosive power<\/li><li>Long-distance rides for enduring the untimed sections<\/li><li>Technical drills to navigate obstacles efficiently<\/li><\/ul>\n<h3>What are the rules and formats of enduro competitions?<\/h3>\n<p>Enduro races are structured around timed downhill sections and untimed uphill transfers. The rules are straightforward:<\/p><ul><li>The cumulative time of downhill stages determines the winner<\/li><li>Transfer stages are not timed, but riders must adhere to set cut-off times<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>The format encourages riders to be well-rounded, capable of sustaining energy across the entire course. Ready to embark on your own cycling journey? Our guide on how to choose a bike saddle can help you find the perfect seat for your workouts or casual rides.<\/p>\n<h2>The skillset of enduro cyclists<\/h2>\n<p>To be successful in enduro, cyclists need a specific set of skills to navigate varying terrains. <strong>Balance, nerve, and technical skill are paramount<\/strong>. Let&#8217;s break down what it takes to conquer the trails.<\/p>\n<h3>What technical skills are essential in enduro?<\/h3>\n<p>Essential skills for enduro cyclists include:<\/p><ul><li>Advanced bike handling to tackle steep, rocky descents<\/li><li>Precise braking technique to maintain control at high speeds<\/li><li>Efficient pedaling to conserve energy on climbs<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Mastering these skills requires dedication and usually, learning from common mistakes made when building a fixie can provide valuable insights even for enduro cyclists.<\/p>\n<h3>How do mental toughness and strategy play into enduro success?<\/h3>\n<p>Mental toughness is as important as physical skill. Riders must remain focused during high-pressure downhill runs and stay motivated through the arduous untimed sections. They also need strategic acumen to decide when to push hard and when to conserve energy.<\/p>\n<h2>Comparing enduro to other cycling disciplines<\/h2>\n<p>Enduro stands distinct in the world of cycling sports. Here, we compare it to other disciplines to see how they differ in terms of intensity, equipment, and skill.<\/p>\n<h3>How does enduro differ from downhill and cross-country?<\/h3>\n<p>Downhill focuses solely on descent speed, while cross-country emphasizes all-round fitness over varied terrain. Enduro combines elements of both:<\/p><ul><li>Like downhill, enduro includes complex downhill sections<\/li><li>Similar to cross-country, it requires riders to manage their energy throughout the event<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Understanding the nuances of these various disciplines, including the importance of elements like dropout spacing, can enhance your appreciation of the skill involved.<\/p>\n<h3>Can track bike enthusiasts enjoy enduro?<\/h3>\n<p>While track bikes and enduro bikes are worlds apart in design and application, the passion for cycling is a common thread. Track enthusiasts might appreciate the precision and intensity that enduro riders exhibit. However, the single-geared and brakeless nature of track bikes would be impractical in enduro&#8217;s varied terrain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The endurance and tenacity required in enduro racing can inspire cyclists of all disciplines.<\/strong> Whether you prefer the velodrome or the forest trail, cycling in any form is about pushing limits and celebrating the ride.<\/p>\n\n<p>Enduro cycling is a dynamic sport that requires a specific skill set, a tailored approach to equipment, and a physical and mental endurance that is unique to this discipline. While it&#8217;s not in my personal wheelhouse, the courage and resilience of enduro cyclists command respect and admiration from cycling enthusiasts everywhere.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<tr>\n<th>Enduro Feature<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<th>Required Skill\/Equipment<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Timed Downhill Sections<\/td>\n<td>Races with a focus on downhill speed<\/td>\n<td>Advanced bike handling, Full-suspension bike<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Untimed Uphill Transfers<\/td>\n<td>Climbing segments connecting downhill stages<\/td>\n<td>Stamina, Energy conservation strategies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Protective Gear<\/td>\n<td>Safety equipment to prevent injuries<\/td>\n<td>Full-face helmet, Body armor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Technical Skills<\/td>\n<td>Skills needed to navigate complex terrain<\/td>\n<td>Precise braking, Efficient pedaling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>\u201cStay consistent with training, but also allow for ample rest and recovery. Burnout is a race you can\u2019t win.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Summary of enduro cycling features and the associated skills and equipment necessary for success.<\/figcaption>\n<p>Enduro cycling is a game of technique, strategy, and endurance. As you gear up for tackling the trails, here&#8217;s a quick rundown of the dos and don&#8217;ts that could make a significant difference between a podium finish and a mountain mishap. Whether it&#8217;s your first enduro race or you&#8217;re looking to improve, these tips will steer you in the right direction.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<tr>\n<th>Do<\/th>\n<th>Don&#8217;t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Invest in a quality full-suspension bike<\/td>\n<td>Underestimate the importance of proper equipment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Train for both technical skills and endurance<\/td>\n<td>Neglect cross-training for overall fitness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Practice on a variety of terrains<\/td>\n<td>Limit your training to single trail types<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Master efficient energy use during transfers<\/td>\n<td>Waste energy by going too fast on untimed sections<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Use protective gear, especially during races<\/td>\n<td>Skimp on safety to save weight or increase speed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Key dos and don&#8217;ts for enduro cyclists aiming to optimize their performance and safety.<\/figcaption>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" alt=\"Supplemental image for a blog post called &#039;Enduro Cycling: What Does It Take to Dominate the Trails? (Expert Insights)&#039;.\" class=\"wp-image-16110\" src=\"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Supplemental-image-for-a-blog-post-called-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Dominate-the-Trails-Expert-InsightsPROMPT-Take-a-deep-breath-relax-and-create-an-image-depicting-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Domin.-li-ul-.jpeg\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Supplemental-image-for-a-blog-post-called-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Dominate-the-Trails-Expert-InsightsPROMPT-Take-a-deep-breath-relax-and-create-an-image-depicting-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Domin.-li-ul-.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Supplemental-image-for-a-blog-post-called-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Dominate-the-Trails-Expert-InsightsPROMPT-Take-a-deep-breath-relax-and-create-an-image-depicting-Enduro-Cycling-What-Does-It-Take-to-Domin.-li-ul--768x768.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n<figcaption>Supplemental image for a blog post called &#8216;enduro cycling: what does it take to dominate the trails? (expert insights)&#8217;.<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<h2>More enduro tips<\/h2>\n<p>Stepping into the world of enduro cycling can be intimidating, but with the right approach, it can also be incredibly rewarding. Here are some more tips to keep in mind as you prepare for your next\u2014or first\u2014enduro adventure.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Stay updated on industry changes<\/strong>, such as new bike technology or updates in safety gear, to keep your performance top-notch. A drivetrain update might just be what you need for a smoother ride.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Keep a close eye on weather forecasts<\/strong> and trail conditions to plan your training sessions and race tactics accordingly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Develop a pre-race routine<\/strong> that helps you stay calm and focused, whether that\u2019s meditation or a simple bike check with the best bike multi-tools.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Connect with fellow cyclists<\/strong> to share experiences, tips, and maybe even train together. There\u2019s nothing like a community to boost your learning curve.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stay consistent with training<\/strong>, but also allow for ample rest and recovery. Burnout is a race you can\u2019t win.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Always have a contingency plan<\/strong> for nutrition, hydration, and mechanical issues on race day. What&#8217;s an endo in cycling, you ask? It\u2019s something you\u2019d rather not experience due to a preventable mechanical error. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Reflect on each race or training session<\/strong> to identify what worked well and what didn&#8217;t, and adjust accordingly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>If you are a visual learner, check out this video titled &#8216;Trail Vs Enduro Bikes Explained | What&#8217;s The Difference?&#8217;<\/p>\n<!--presto-player:video_id=11--><figure class=\"wp-block-video presto-block-video  presto-provider-youtube\" style=\"--plyr-color-main: var(--presto-player-highlight-color, #d83f11); --presto-player-logo-width: 150px; \">\n    <presto-player  id=\"presto-player-1\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AZy0MbKi0hk?iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;playinline=1&amp;showinfo=0&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1\" media-title=\"How To Change Your Bar Tape Like A Pro | Maintenance Monday\" css=\"\" class=\"presto-video-id-11 presto-preset-id-1 skin-modern\" skin=\"modern\" icon-url=\"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/presto-player\/img\/sprite.svg\" preload=\"\" poster=\"\" playsinline  >\n        \n    <div class=\"presto-iframe-fallback-container\">\n        <iframe style=\"width: 100%\" title=\"Youtube Video\" class=\"presto-fallback-iframe\" id=\"presto-iframe-fallback-1\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AZy0MbKi0hk?iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;playsinline=1&amp;showinfo=0&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1\" allowfullscreen allowtransparency allow=\"autoplay\"><\/iframe>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/presto-player>\n<\/figure>        <script>\n            var player = document.querySelector('presto-player#presto-player-1');\n            player.video_id = 11;\n                                                player.preset = {\"id\":1,\"name\":\"Default\",\"slug\":\"default\",\"icon\":\"format-video\",\"skin\":\"modern\",\"play-large\":true,\"rewind\":true,\"play\":true,\"fast-forward\":true,\"progress\":true,\"current-time\":true,\"mute\":true,\"volume\":true,\"speed\":false,\"pip\":false,\"fullscreen\":true,\"captions\":false,\"reset_on_end\":true,\"auto_hide\":true,\"captions_enabled\":false,\"save_player_position\":true,\"sticky_scroll\":false,\"sticky_scroll_position\":\"bottom right\",\"on_video_end\":\"select\",\"play_video_viewport\":false,\"hide_youtube\":false,\"lazy_load_youtube\":false,\"hide_logo\":false,\"border_radius\":0,\"caption_style\":\"\",\"caption_background\":\"\",\"is_locked\":true,\"cta\":[\"\"],\"watermark\":[\"\"],\"search\":[\"\"],\"email_collection\":[\"\"],\"action_bar\":[\"\"],\"created_by\":1,\"created_at\":\"2023-05-24 20:11:30\",\"updated_at\":\"2023-05-24 20:11:30\",\"deleted_at\":\"\",\"show_time_elapsed\":false};\n                                                                player.chapters = [];\n                                                                player.overlays = [];\n                                                                player.tracks = [];\n                                                                player.branding = {\"logo\":\"\",\"color\":\"#d83f11\",\"logo_width\":150,\"player_css\":\"\"};\n                                                                player.blockAttributes = {\"autoplay\":false,\"id\":11,\"src\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=AZy0MbKi0hk\",\"preset\":1,\"video_id\":\"AZy0MbKi0hk\",\"visibility\":\"public\",\"color\":\"#00b3ff\",\"mutedPreview\":{\"enabled\":false,\"captions\":false},\"mutedOverlay\":{\"enabled\":false,\"src\":\"\",\"width\":200,\"focalPoint\":{\"x\":0.5,\"y\":0.5}},\"mutedOverlayType\":\"text\",\"mutedOverlayText\":\"Click to play\",\"mutedOverlayImageWidth\":200,\"playsInline\":true,\"chapters\":[],\"overlays\":[],\"tracks\":[],\"title\":\"How To Change Your Bar Tape Like A Pro | Maintenance Monday\"};\n                                                                                            player.skin = \"modern\";\n                                                                player.analytics = false;\n                                                                player.automations = true;\n                                                                player.provider = \"youtube\";\n                                                                player.video_id = 11;\n                                                                                                                        player.provider_video_id = \"AZy0MbKi0hk\";\n                                                                player.youtube = {\"noCookie\":false,\"channelId\":\"\",\"show_count\":false};\n                                    <\/script>\n        <figure><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A video titled &#8220;Trail Vs Enduro Bikes Explained | What&#8217;s The Difference?&#8221; from the &#8220;GMBN Tech&#8221; YouTube channel.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Frequently asked questions (FAQ)<\/h3><div class=\"ne-faq-list\"><h3>Do you need a specific type of bike for enduro cycling?<\/h3><p>Yes, enduro cycling typically requires a full-suspension mountain bike that&#8217;s designed to withstand the rigors of both downhill and cross-country riding. These bikes combine the agility needed for technical descents with the efficiency for climbing.<\/p><h3>How important is bike maintenance in enduro cycling?<\/h3><p>Bike maintenance is crucial in enduro cycling, as the rough terrain can be tough on equipment. Regular checks and upkeep can prevent mechanical failures that can end your race prematurely. Learning about the parts of your bike, such as double butted tubes, can also aid in maintenance and optimization.<\/p><h3>Can beginners compete in enduro races?<\/h3><p>Beginners can certainly dip their toes into enduro racing, but it&#8217;s recommended to have a solid foundation of mountain biking skills and to start with smaller, local races to build up experience and confidence before tackling larger events.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3>Final thoughts<\/h3>\n<p>Enduro cycling stands out as an exhilarating and demanding facet of the cycling world. It combines the heart-pumping excitement of downhill racing with the grueling challenge of cross-country riding. As you reflect on the insights shared\u2014from the ins and outs of enduro, to the crucial dos and don\u2019ts\u2014keep in mind that every discipline within cycling offers unique challenges and joys.<\/p><p>Whether you&#8217;re a veteran seeking to refine your strategy or a novice ready to take your first ride, enduro cycling has something to offer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Do you feel ready to take on the mountain trails?<\/strong><em>Did I cover everything you wanted to know? Let me know in the comments section below I read and reply to every comment.<\/em> If you found this article helpful, share it with a friend, and check out my full blog for more tips and tricks on fixed-gear and track bike excellence. Thanks for reading, and keep pushing those pedals!<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Master enduro cycling with our essential tips, gear guidance, and training insights.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16111,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[782],"tags":[769],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16112"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16113,"href":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16112\/revisions\/16113"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brooklynfixedgear.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}